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| Landscape art depicts scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests. Sky is almost always included in the view, and weather usually is an element of the composition. In the 1st century A.D., Roman frescoes of landscapes decorated rooms that have been preserved at Pompeii and Herculaneum. The word landscape is from the Dutch, landschap (the German cognate is Landschaft) meaning a sheaf, a patch of cultivated ground. The word entered the English vocabulary of the connoisseur in the late 17th century. Early in the 15th century, landscape painting was established as an art genre in Europe, as a setting for human activity, often a religious subject, such as the themes of the Rest on the Flight into Egypt, the Journey of the Magi, or Saint Jerome in the Desert. The Chinese tradition of "pure" landscape, in which the minute human figure simply gives scale and invites the viewer to participate in the experience, was well established by the time the oldest surviving ink paintings were executed. |
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© 2006 Pavel Kapusto |